↑ Merritt, R.W., and Cummins, K.W. (eds.), 1996. An Introduction to the Aquatic Côn trùng Bắc Mỹ. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company.
↑ Walker, I. R. 2001. Midges: Chironomidae and related Diptera. pp. 43-66, In: J. P. Smol, H. J. B. Birks, and W. M. Last (eds). Tracking Environmental Change Using Lake Sediments. Volume 4. Zoological Indicators. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
